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Encyclopaedia of DesignTheory: Latin squares

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Designs related to Latin squares

Among special cases of Latin squares are the Cayley tables of groups.

Combinatorial structures equivalent to Latin squares include nets of degree 3, and orthogonal arrays of strength 2 and index 1. Equivalent algebraic structures are quasigroups and loops.

A Latin square is also equivalent to a transversal design having three groups of size n and n² blocks of size 3, so that two points in different groups lie in a unique block.

Related structures include MOLS and nets of arbitrary degree, as well as more general orthogonal arrays.

Other generalisations include semi-Latin squares and SOMAs.


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Peter J. Cameron
2 August 2002